Human Values Found the State and Society

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The Intended Meaning

Shahrur sees human values as the foundation on which society and the state are built, not rituals alone Therefore, the state’s task becomes protecting human beings, educating and qualifying them, and guaranteeing their rights

The Atom’s Structure in the Atlas

  • Type of argument: Value-based
  • Argument movement: He makes human values the basis for the emergence of the state and society instead of merely relying on rituals.
  • Key terms: human values, the state, society, rituals.
  • Degree of centrality: Central.

This establishes that, for Shahrur, the criterion of political and social construction is human worth and rights, and it directs the role of the state toward protection, education, and qualification rather than formal religiosity.

Reading Aids

Basis

  • Supporting text: “He states that human values, not rituals, are the basis of the state and society, and that the state’s duty is to protect human beings, educate and qualify them, and guarantee their rights.”

The Basis’s Location in the Book

  • Book: The State and Society.
  • Location: in the middle section of the book
  • Type of basis: Close evidence.
  • Mark for verification: separating rituals from the state
  • Reading note: the location supports the atom because it explicitly states that human values are the basis of the state and society, not rituals.

Degree of Documentation

  • Level: Directly documented
  • Meaning of the level: the atom relies on an explicit witness close to the formulation of the claim.
  • Limits of the reading: the wording above is an analytical summary, and should not be treated as a verbatim quotation unless the witness is quoted verbatim.

Its Function in the Book

Its function here is declarative; it establishes a result on which what follows in the argument depends.

Editorial Note

The formulation summarizes a direct normative claim supported by close evidence from the text.

Graph View

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Muhammad Shahrur Atlas