Monism in this book is the closed structure that monopolizes truth and excludes the other; for that reason, in Shahrur’s view, it is associated with backwardness, tyranny, and ruin. He presents it as the opposite of pluralism, and he holds that monistic systems carry the seeds of their own demise from within.
- Monistic systems lead to ruin
- Monism leads to tyranny and ruin
- Monism leads to ruin
- Monism produces injustice, tyranny, and ruin
- Monism produces the unjust village
- Monism is a divine, not a social, attribute
- Monism is a divine attribute, not a human model
- Monism and tyranny lead to ruin
- Modern monistic systems are a continuation of the village
- Social history moves from monism to pluralism
- History and society judge monism as unjust and ruinous
- History is moving toward pluralism
- The civil state and civil society are the horizon of history because pluralism and freedom defeat monism
- The Qur’an establishes pluralism and prohibits monism
- The historical religious reading explains the emergence of society and its orientation toward rights
- Monistic villages are doomed to ruin
- Human society develops historically toward more complex and organized forms
- The binary opposition between monism and pluralism