Thesis Summary

This statement combines the meaning of Satan as a mental illusion and its meaning as something existing outside consciousness, to affirm that its effect appears in reversing perception from reality to illusion.

Foundational Atoms

Point of Reliance Within the Book

This reading relies on passages in the final section of the book, within the theory of human knowledge and the treatment of the verses of prophethood and messengerhood.

Limits of the Reading

This is a synthetic formulation that summarizes what is stated in the atoms mentioned above, and does not go beyond them to other meanings. Likewise, speaking here of Satan remains tied to the context of Muhammad Shahrur’s reading, not to an interpretation outside this context.