Evidence location: Muhammad Shahrur, Drying Up the Sources of Terrorism; Page 293؛ OCR line 6493. Arabic source witness: «الأبوان، فمفهوم إنساني اجتماعي. والنسب للأب والأمّ لا للوالد والوالدة»
Meaning
Here, fatherhood and motherhood are not defined in detailed biological terms; rather, they are presented through care, upbringing, inviolability, inheritance, and lineage—elements that the evidence describes as “social relations.”
What Is Attributed to Shahrur
The evidence attributed to him states: “Father/mother: care, upbringing, inviolability, inheritance, and lineage as social relations.” Thus, the elements mentioned constitute the boundaries of the claim established in this atom.
Atlas Explanation
The atlas understands the statement as directing attention to the social dimension of fatherhood and motherhood: that is, to the ties and actions named by the text, rather than treating the two terms as abstract natural descriptions. This explains the scope of the evidence; it is not an additional independent definition.
Synthetic Conclusion
This atom can be connected to the theme of the family because the terms care, upbringing, inviolability, inheritance, and lineage appear together in it. But this connection alone does not establish a complete theory of the family or of the rules governing lineage and inheritance.
Open Question and Limits of the Evidence
This evidence does not establish that fatherhood and motherhood “are not merely a biological bond,” nor does it explain how care, upbringing, inviolability, inheritance, and lineage are ordered or what the effects of each are. Moreover, the raw text of the evidence is not available in the package, while the quotation remains recorded as documented evidence; therefore, its location in the book must be consulted for contextual verification before expanding the claim.
For connected reading: Muhammad Shahrur: Drying Up the Sources of Terrorism, Women, Family, and Dress, Father, Mother.