Intended meaning

Here, ʿirḍ means a person’s dignity and reputation, not merely sexual honor. The intended meaning is that an attack on ʿirḍ is an attack on a person’s social standing and the regard in which they are held among people.

The atom’s structure in the atlas

  • Type of argument: definitional
  • Argument movement: ʿirḍ is a person’s dignity and reputation, not merely sexual honor.
  • Central terms: ʿirḍ, dignity, reputation, honor.
  • Degree of centrality: central.

This atom shifts ʿirḍ from a narrow sexual meaning to a broader social meaning. In this way, it makes an attack on it an attack on human standing and public regard.

Basis

  • Supporting text: «ʿIrḍ: a person’s dignity and reputation, not merely sexual honor».

Basis location in the book

  • Book: Drying Up the Springs of Terrorism.
  • Location: within the final section of the book, in the discussion of adoption and lineages.
  • Type of basis: close evidence.
  • Verifying marker: ʿirḍ… human dignity
  • Reading note: This passage is suitable as support because it defines ʿirḍ as a person’s dignity and reputation among people.

Documentation level

  • Level: directly documented
  • Meaning of the level: The atom relies on a clear witness close to the wording of the claim.
  • Limits of reading: The wording above is an analytical summary and should not be treated as a verbatim quotation unless the witness is quoted textually.

Editorial note

It should be used in the chapter on family, dress, and social standing.