For Shahrur, sin is the erroneous act that may occur unintentionally or through excess against oneself, and it is broader than mere deliberate transgression. On this basis, he distinguishes between what pertains to the right of God and what pertains to the rights of people, and between what can be forgiven and what requires rectification.
- Freedom is the basis of human dignity
- Human Islam is re-established, in Qur’anic terms, as a system of values, freedom, and citizenship that transcends closed identity
- Islam precedes the particularity of the Muhammadan message historically and conceptually
- Distinguishing between sin, wrong, and transgression distributes responsibility between forgiveness, rectification, and persistence
- Sin, wrong, and transgression
- Sins against the right of God are forgivable
- Polytheism is unforgivable when persisted in
- The Qur’anic method and the redefinition of concepts move Islam from identity to values