International Loyalty

International loyalty is understood here as an individual religious conviction based on the relationship between the human being and his Lord, not as political loyalty or collective authority. The source uses this distinction to prevent conflating religion with the struggle over power or with political affiliations.

• Islam precedes, historically and conceptually, the specificity of the Muhammadan message
• The civil state regulates the public sphere by law, not by religious prohibition
• International loyalty is an individual religious matter