What Does Shahrur Say?
Shahrur defines loyalty as «turning toward through adherence or abandoning through turning away» and describes it as a voluntary human social relationship. He then states that this relationship «is embodied in multiple forms according to the level of belonging.»
Atlas Explanation
The multiplicity meant here is that the form of loyalty is connected to the level of belonging in which the relationship occurs; thus, in this definition, the term is not reduced to one fixed form for all contexts.
Limited Inference
The statement can be read as linking the diversity of affiliations to the diversity of forms of loyalty. But this is an explanatory inference from the statement, not an independent list of levels of belonging or a judgment about their ordering.
Open Question and Limits of the Evidence
The evidence does not specify the number of levels of belonging, name them, or explain the form of loyalty specific to each level. Nor is it sufficient on its own to establish whether these forms are compatible or contradictory.
Links to Aid Reading
- Muhammad Shahrur, Draining the Sources of Terrorism
- The Civil State, Religion, and Authority
- Loyalty
- Recognition and multiple belonging make a group without contradiction
Draining the Sources of Terrorism · Recognition and multiple belonging make a group without contradiction