This page brings together the principal pathways related to the concept of “disbelief” within the atlas: the shared entry point, the glossary, its occurrences in the books, verses, relationships, and related claims.
Direct Answer
This hub addresses disbelief as a contextual concept connected to stance and conduct, rather than as a ready-made classificatory tool. Its difference from polytheism lies in the fact that disbelief is an openly declared stance, whereas polytheism is a state of belief or conduct. The page therefore connects to allegiance and to the reconstruction of concepts on a value-based rather than identity-based foundation.
Concept Keys
- Disbelief is a changing contextual concept.
- Disbelief is an overt hostile declaration.
- Disbelief is a declared stance, whereas polytheism is a state of belief or conduct.
- Polytheism means rendering fixed what is changeable.
- The concepts of disbelief, polytheism, and testimony are read epistemically rather than militantly.
Where Does the Inquiry Begin?
- Disbelief
- Disbelief is an overt hostile declaration
- Disbelief is a changing contextual concept
- The concepts of allegiance, disbelief, and polytheism are reread on a value-based rather than identity-based foundation
Shared Entry Point
- The inquiry begins with the distinction between disbelief and polytheism, and with shifting them from a ready-made identity judgment to a contextual concept connected to stance and conduct.
Glossary
Occurrences in the Books
Related Verses
- Āl ʿImrān 52
- Al-Anfāl 15
- Al-Anfāl 30
- Al-Isrāʾ 95
- Al-Bayyinah 1
- Al-Tawbah 17
- Al-Ḥadīd 20
- Al-Zukhruf 81
- Al-Māʾidah 44
- Al-Māʾidah 72
- Al-Māʾidah 73
- Sabaʾ 7
Conceptual Relationships
- Polytheism is connected to illusory permanence and the rejection of change
- Polytheism means rendering fixed what is changeable
Related Claims
- Polytheism renders the mutable fixed
- Disbelief is an overt hostile declaration
- The Qur’anic method and the redefinition of concepts shift Islam from identity to values
- The concepts of allegiance, disbelief, and polytheism are reread on a value-based rather than identity-based foundation
- Shahrur’s reconstruction of Qur’anic concepts makes them epistemic and humanistic
- For Shahrur, the concepts of disbelief, polytheism, and testimony are epistemic rather than militant
- Permanence belongs to God, not to time
- The distinction between disbelief and polytheism
- Conflating power and will generates illusions
- Qadar is objective existence
- Qaḍāʾ is a conscious human act
- Disbelief is a changing contextual concept
- Will has two aspects
- Disbelief and polytheism are contextual concepts, not instruments of authority
- Disbelief and polytheism are not absolute judgments