Thesis Summary
Shahrur redefines disbelief, polytheism, and testimony away from identity-based classifications. Disbelief is an overt, hostile declaration; polytheism is the fixation of what is mutable; while beneficence and righteous conduct are tied to the human being and to others.
Related Verses
Foundational Atoms
- Disbelief is an overt, public hostile declaration
- Polytheism is the fixation of the mutable
- Beneficence includes the self and others
- National loyalty preserves identity
- Combat doctrine and creed are two different kinds
- Testimony in the Qur’an has two meanings
Place of Support Within the Book
These meanings appear in the middle and final sections of Islam and the Human Being, within the definitions of disbelief, polytheism, loyalty, and testimony.
Scope of Reading
The page brings together concepts that are close to one another within the same value field. It does not equate all these meanings, but rather arranges them as far as the available atoms permit.