This axis brings together 1 location of the use of this verse in Muhammad Shahrur’s books, linking it to the concepts and arguments that appear around it.
The verse text as cited
شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَأُولُو الْعِلْمِ قَائِمًا بِالْقِسْطِ
Brief reading
Shahrur makes it a basis for distinguishing God’s testimony, the angels’ testimony, and the testimony of those endowed with knowledge as epistemic testimony, not direct presence.
Axes
- Faith
- Methodological
Related concepts
- Epistemic testimony: 2
- the witness: 1
- the witnessed: 1
- those endowed with knowledge: 1
Its place in the conceptual network
It establishes a conceptual distinction between testimony and knowledge within the Qur’anic network.
The verse’s role in the argument
- Establishment: 1
Uses
- Islam and Faith, p. 146: He uses it to distinguish God’s testimony, the angels’ testimony, and the testimony of those endowed with knowledge as epistemic, non-present testimony, as a prelude to the difference between the witness and the witnessed.
- Concept: Epistemic testimony
- Function of the verse here: Establishment
- Textual evidence: «He says, the Exalted, while defining himself to others: {شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَأُولُو الْعِلْمِ…} (Āl ʿImrān 18).»
Related books
This page is presented within the general method of building the atlas.