This axis brings together 2 places where this verse is used in Muhammad Shahrur’s books, linking it to the concepts and arguments that appear around it.
The verse text as cited
The believers must not take the disbelievers as allies…
Brief reading
The verse establishes loyalty to human values and disavowal of tyranny, while rejecting the traditional understanding that turns loyalty and disavowal into absolute enmity.
Axes
- Political and social
- Faith-related
Related concepts
- Loyalty and disavowal: 2
- Guardianship: 2
Its place in the conceptual network
It enters a network that deconstructs guardianship from its exclusionary meaning to its value-based meaning.
The verse’s role in the argument
- Establishment: 1
- Critique of the tradition: 1
Uses
- Islam and Human Beings: He makes it a basis for the believers’ loyalty to human values and their disavowal of tyranny and its supporters.
- Concept: loyalty and disavowal
- Function of the verse here: establishment
- Textual evidence: «{ لَا يَتَّخِذُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ … } (Aal ʿImran 28)»
- The corresponding traditional reading: religious alliance with non-believers
- Drying Up the Sources of Terrorism, p. 186: He uses it to dismantle the argument of those who maintain that loyalty and disavowal mean absolute enmity and hatred.
- Concept: guardianship
- Function of the verse here: critique of the tradition
- Textual evidence: «{لَا يَتَّخِذُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ أُولِيَاءَ…} (Aal ʿImran 28).»
- The corresponding traditional reading: the juristic argument for the absolute prohibition of allying with disbelievers
Related books
This page is presented within the general method of building the atlas.