A bad deed is an act that falls within practical moral responsibility, especially when it concerns people and other creatures. In this source, it is not erased by remorse alone; rather, it requires social or legal redress and practical expiation.
- Freedom is the foundation of human dignity
- Human Islam is re-established Qur’anically as a system of values, freedom, and citizenship that transcends closed identity
- Islam is historically and conceptually prior to the specificity of the Muhammadan message
- The distinction between sin, bad deed, and transgression distributes responsibility between forgiveness, reform, and persistence
- Good deeds erase bad deeds through repentance
- Sin, bad deed, and transgression
- Bad deeds are expiated through reform
- The Qur’anic method and the redefinition of concepts move Islam from identity to values