Witnessing in this source does not mean the popular sense associated with being killed for the sake of a creed; rather, it means epistemic or evidentiary presence, depending on the context. After the closure of the Prophet, witnessing becomes the continuing function in place of revelation, that is, establishing the truth of the message through knowledge and research.
- Index
- Shahrur’s reconstruction of Qur’anic concepts makes them epistemic and human
- The combat narrative is not a Qur’anic original
- Witnessing continues after the closure of prophethood
- Scientific witnessing supports the message
- Distinguishing the witness from the martyr
- Distinguishing the martyr from the witness
- God’s witnessing is present and encompassing
- In Shahrur, the concepts of disbelief, associating partners, and witnessing are epistemic, not combative
Cross-book concept: See Witnessing for the unifying theme across the books.