For Shahrur, the Witness is not the one killed for the sake of a creed, but one of God’s names, indicating the encompassing, present witnessing. He also distinguishes it from the witness: the former is direct, divine, and present; the latter is human, inferential, and epistemic.
- The covenant of Islam is a voluntary commitment
- Index
- The Witness is one of God’s names
- The scientists are among the witnesses
- The common meaning of شهيد is a later development
- Distinguishing the witness from the شهيد
- Distinguishing the شهيد from the witness
- Shahrur’s concepts of unbelief, polytheism, and witnessing are epistemic, not combative
Cross-book concept: see witnessing for the unifying theme across the books.