The Unifying Idea

This axis separates ritual practices from political authority, and makes freedom a condition for both worship and jihad. Worship has no meaning under compulsion, and jihad begins with words, moving to violence only when all avenues are blocked.

The Theses Included in the Axis

The Axis’s Support from the Atoms

How to Read It

This axis preserves worship as a free meaning and jihad as an ethical meaning. Therefore, the relation between them is read first through freedom, and then through defense when avenues are blocked.