Thesis Summary

Shahrur presents jihad as a path that begins with the word and the speaking of truth, and recourse to violence in it comes only when all other avenues are blocked.

Foundational Atoms

Place of Support within the Book

These meanings appear in the final section of the book within the treatment of freedom and jihad, with another reference to the beginning of the book in the presentation of the historical gradation.

Limits of the Reading

This summary brings together two close pieces of evidence and condenses the relationship between them, and it does not mean that violence is the origin of jihad or that it is an option open from the outset.