This axis gathers 6 instances of Muhammad Shahrur’s use of this verse in his books, linking it to the concepts and arguments that appear around it.
The verse text as cited
… and if God did not repel some people by means of others…
Brief reading
Shahrur uses the verse to ground the legitimacy of defending places of worship and protecting religious pluralism from aggression.
Axes
- Political and social
- Legislative
- Human and ethical
Related concepts
- Preserving places of worship: 3
- Religious pluralism: 2
- Expulsion from homes: 2
- Defending homes: 2
- Freedom of worship: 2
Its place in the network of concepts
It is linked to freedom of worship and the protection of religious houses from demolition and expulsion.
The verse’s role in the argument
- Support: 3
- Grounding: 3
Summary of its presence in the atlas
- Defending places of worship
- Linked to religious pluralism
- Its presence is clear in responding to aggression
Instances of use
- Islam and Faith, p. 88: He cites it to argue that the divine remembrance is present in multiple churches, temples, and mosques, thus supporting the freedom of religions.
- Concept: Religious pluralism
- Function of the verse here: Support
- Textual evidence: «{ … and if God did not repel some people by means of others, monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques would have been demolished… } (al-Hajj 40),»
- Drying Up the Sources of Terrorism, p. 84: He links Hajj 40 to the third aim of fighting, namely protecting God’s houses and preventing their demolition or preventing their upkeep.
- Concept: Preserving places of worship
- Function of the verse here: Grounding
- Textual evidence: «And the third in His — Exalted — saying: {and if God did not repel people by means of others…}»
- Drying Up the Sources of Terrorism, p. 92: From it he derives that combative resistance is legitimate to protect all places of worship, not Muslims’ places alone.
- Concept: Preserving places of worship
- Function of the verse here: Grounding
- Textual evidence: «For the places designated for prayer among believers … the intended meaning of the word …»
- Drying Up the Sources of Terrorism, p. 93: He treats expulsion from homes as an independent cause that obliges fighting in defense of the oppressed.
- Concept: Expulsion from homes
- Function of the verse here: Grounding
- Textual evidence: «The occurrence of expulsion from homes: according to His — Exalted — saying: {those who were expelled from their homes without right} (al-Hajj 40).»
- Drying Up the Sources of Terrorism, p. 115: He uses it to state that fighting is tied to repelling aggression and protecting places of worship and homes from demolition.
- Concept: Defending homes
- Function of the verse here: Support
- Textual evidence: «al-Hajj (40) | {those who were expelled from their homes without right … }»
- Toward New Foundations for Islamic Jurisprudence, p. 128: He cites it to argue that God guarantees the survival of multiple places of worship and does not allow a single color to dominate.
- Concept: Freedom of worship
- Function of the verse here: Support
- Textual evidence: «{ and if God did not repel some people by means of others, monasteries … would have been demolished } (al-Hajj 40)»
Related books
This page is presented within the general method of building the atlas.