Citizenship in this source is a legal relationship based on respect for the law and equality among citizens, not merely a symbolic belonging. It is the highest form of loyalty within the civil state, and it regulates the relationship between the individual and the community so that it does not turn into sectarian or racial conflict.
- The Book defines the fixed foundations
- Human Islam is re-founded Qur’anically as a system of values, freedom, and citizenship that transcends closed identity
- Value-based Islam is translated politically and ethically in freedom, citizenship, and resistance to tyranny
- The distinction between wrong, evil deed, and sin distributes responsibility between forgiveness, reform, and persistence
- Freedom and human values constitute the measure of Islam and the basis of resistance to tyranny
- The civil state regulates the public sphere by law, not by religious prohibition
- Citizenship is the highest loyalty in the civil state
- Citizenship is based on law and equality
- Citizenship is loyalty to the homeland and the law
- National loyalty preserves identity
- Understanding Islam requires beginning with the Qur’an through a tartīl-based method that establishes the distinctness of terms
- The concepts of loyalty, unbelief, and associating partners are reread on a value-based, not identity-based, foundation