Combat, for the author, is a compulsory, conditional measure with no end in itself; it is defined by aims such as freedom, justice, and equality. He also insists on distinguishing it from individual killing, assassination, and the bombing of civilians, regarding these as acts that fall outside its legitimate meaning.
Referred to by
- Combat verses are linked to a historical context
- Combat verses and the Muhammadan narrative do not legislate absolute violence
- Consensus is not an absolute proof
- Assassinations and bombing civilians are a departure from combat
- Jihad is broader than combat
- Jihad, combat, and martyrdom are distinct concepts
- The cause and the aim in combat must not be conflated
- Martyrdom is not being killed in battle
- Qur’anic combat is a constrained defensive measure, and the historical context prevents the legitimation of terrorism
- Legitimate combat is defensive and constrained by the aim of freedom
- Legitimate combat serves freedom and justice
- Combat is a compulsory measure, not an end
- Combat in the Qur’an is neither killing nor conquest
- Individual killing is not part of legitimate combat
- Drying up the sources of terrorism requires returning religion to the Qur’an, freedom, and mercy, and stripping traditional violence of legitimacy
- Three aims of Qur’anic combat
- The tradition’s conflation of jihad, combat, and conquest
- Conflating the cause with the aim turns combat into permanence
- The cause of combat differs from its aim