Thesis Summary

Shahrur holds that human knowledge is not absolute, but relative and gradual. It begins with sensation, then passes through language and symbols, and reaches a higher level of abstraction and precision in mathematics.

Foundational Atoms

Place of Reliance within the Book

This reading draws on early passages and others in the middle section of the book, where Shahrur connects knowledge to the primary sources of perception, then extends it toward abstraction and law, and contrasts it with illusion and superstition.

Limits of the Reading

This is a summary of the interrelation of scattered ideas within the book, not a separate standalone proposition. The wording here also condenses the meaning and does not reproduce the original phrasing as it stands.