Degree of Centrality: Originality

242 pages

• Islam is a universal value-based religion
• Islam predates the Muhammadan mission
• Islam is allegiance to human values
• Starting from the foundational text
• Tartīl is the primary method of reading
• Freedom is the basis of human dignity
• Religion directs toward human values
• Righteous action embodies faith
• The Book defines the fixed foundations
• God alone possesses the power to permit and prohibit
• Citizenship is the highest allegiance in the civil state
• Citizenship is based on law and equality
• Citizenship is loyalty to the homeland and the law
• Islam is broader than faith
• Faith is a specific obligation for believers
• Faith is specific to the Muhammadan message
• Definitive prohibition is God’s prerogative
• Accountability falls upon intentional action
• Sin, wrongdoing, and error
• The messenger and the prophet are different
• The third pillar is righteous action
• Ṣalāh is not the same as prayer
• The Qur’an is a lasting miracle
• Some prohibitions are subject to ijtihād
• Distinguishing the witness from the martyr
• Distinguishing the martyr from the witness
• Those vested with authority are obeyed in their legislation, not in their persons
• Disordered relations produce despotism
• Monism produces the unjust village
• Monism is a divine, not a social, attribute
• Nations are defined by conduct and language
• Monist systems lead to ruin
• The Muhammadan mission inaugurated the age of cities
• The Sacred House predates Abraham
• History moves toward plurality
• Plurality is a condition of development and freedom
• Freedom is a fundamental social phenomenon
• The civil state presupposes plurality and separation of powers
• The civil state is based on plurality
• The civil state is based on rights and freedoms
• Democracy mediates between the individual and society
• Revelations regulate coexistence and rights
• Divine law and general principles
• The people include nationality and nation
• Tyranny is the hallmark of monist thought
• Injustice is a conscious, deliberate act
• Injustice means putting something in the wrong place
• Reason and knowledge turn word into deed
• Law organizes practice within the constitution
• Human society develops historically
• Civil society is based on plurality
• Society passes through three historical stages
• The moral reference is fixed and binding
• The Prophet has no guardianship over people
• Freedom of opinion is part of the civil state
• Mecca is not suitable as a civil capital
• Prohibition is a purely divine right
• Human legislation does not add prohibitions
• Legislation is the prerogative of elected councils
• Freedom is the basis of humanity
• Freedom is a condition of worship
• Freedom is a condition of human maneuverability
• Freedom is limited by multiple constraints
• The civil state is based on plurality
• The state is based on three elements
• Religion and authority are distinct
• The Qur’anic narratives encode historical laws
• The distinction between religion, authority, and the state
• The human governance of the Book transfers legislation to humanity
• There is no compulsion in religion is a categorical negation
• The messengerly Sunna is linked to the message
• The messengerly Sunna and the prophetic Sunna
• The contemporary Sunna is read through the Qur’an
• The prophetic Sunna is historical and interpretive
• The prophetic Sunna is historically conditioned
• The Sunna is divided into messengerly and prophetic
• The Sunna is not a second revelation
• The Sunna is a tool of sectarian conflict
• Prophetic reports may be historical arrangements
• The sayings of the Prophet and the Companions are historical documents
• Islam distinguishes between concepts
• The civil state protects rights
• Religion is an individual relationship with God
• The Muhammadan message opened the door to ijtihād
• The Arab mind suffers from three ailments
• Inherited jurisprudence does not match the Qur’an
• Jurisprudence is a human historical understanding
• The Qur’an is the supreme reference
• The monist society carries ruin
• The monist society carries its own annihilation
• An authoritarian society produces despotism
• The city is a symbol of plurality and freedom
• God’s essence transcends scientific proof
• The center of Islam is the Word of God
• Adam is not the first human absolutely
• Adam is a middle stage in humanization
• Adam represents the beginning of conscious humanity
• Occasions of revelation do not explain the whole Qur’an
• Human beings are agents in history
• Human beings emerged through evolutionary stages
• The human is the humanized mortal
• Human beings are the principal agents of history
• Human creation is evolutionary
• The jurist and the ruler dominate reality
• The Qur’an does not establish the inferiority of women
• The contemporary reading critiques the inherited tradition
• Qur’anic narrative is not legislation
• Disobedience establishes freedom of choice
• The final criterion is righteous action
• Abrogating and abrogated texts are a tool of fragmentation
• Human beings participate in making history
• Interpretation is a gradual process of understanding
• Inherited exegesis veils the text
• What is fixed is the text, while the content is renewed
• The Salafi reading makes the past an absolute reference
• Qur’anic narrative records the development of the revelations
• Narrative distinguishes between naba’ and khabar
• The grazing livestock are not all animals
• Shahrur’s definition of livestock
• Noah is the first messenger from among human beings
• Qur’anic terms as keys to understanding
• The Mother of the Book is a universal cosmic source
• The Mother of the Book is legislation
• Legal rulings have limits
• Islam is valid for every time
• Ijtihād lies between two limits
• Interpretation is relative and historical
• Distinguishing between inẓāl and tanzīl
• Distinguishing between prophethood and messengerhood
• Revelation’s descent is an objective material transfer
• Paradise and Hell do not yet exist
• Limits are the basis of the Sharia
• Limits are the basis of legislation
• Fate is existence outside consciousness
• The Qur’an is not heritage
• The Qur’an is Muhammad’s eternal miracle
• The limit-based reading of legislation
• The Book is a set of objective conditions
• Kufr is a context-dependent, changing concept
• Human knowledge is relative and evolving
• The historical method in understanding the text
• Naba’ differs from khabar
• Teaching the names is teaching the distinguishing mark
• Distinguishing the domains of legislation, injunctions, and rituals
• The validity of inference is not enough for truth
• The science of abrogating and abrogated texts is an illusion
• The law of internal conflict explains development and ruin
• Taking a life may only be done with right
• The detailed verses explain the prohibitions
• The verse on zinā targets public indecency
• The Mother of the Book is the basis of the Muhammadan message
• The Mother of the Book consists of the decisive verses
• Detailed rulings are open to practical ijtihād
• Ijtihād in detailing the decisive verses
• Interpretation is specific to the ambiguous
• Interpretation pertains to the ambiguous verses
• Prohibition is a purely divine right
• Legislation changes as society changes
• Distinguishing between the decisive and the detailed
• The forbidden is limited to what God has forbidden
• The messenger is a conveyor, not a legislator
• Zakat is a distributive social duty
• Associating partners with God is the first of the prohibitions
• Understanding changes according to the problematic
• The contemporary reading dismantles the inherited intermediary
• The Book and the Qur’an are distinct
• The decisive verse does not admit ijtihād
• The decisive verses do not admit ijtihād
• Revelation does not contradict reason or reality
• Detailing the decisive is the domain of ijtihād
• Killing children for fear of poverty is forbidden
• The verses of fighting are linked to a historical context
• The umma is a bond of unified conduct
• Enjoining right is invitation, not coercion
• Coercion is negated in religion
• Coercion contradicts the Word of God
• Extravagance is exceeding the proper measure
• Prohibition belongs to God alone
• Mutual recognition is a divine purpose for making people peoples and tribes
• Detailing is the domain of human ijtihād
• Piety is the criterion of distinction
• Sovereignty means the limits of prohibitions
• Sovereignty is a شعار for coercive power
• Freedom is the first objective of the Sharia
• Salafism is an entry point to violence
• The prophetic Sunna has two distinct types
• Critical reason is the basis of understanding
• Legitimate fighting serves freedom and justice
• Kufr and shirk are not absolute rulings
• Lineage is not a religious criterion
• Multiple levels of belonging
• The text is fixed, while understanding is dynamic
• Freedom of choice is a principle in religion
• The cause of fighting differs from its aim
• There is no contradiction between affiliations
• There is no worldly legal penalty for the apostate
• Occasions of revelation are not legislative causes
• The state’s mission is confined to worldly affairs
• The pillars of Islam and the pillars of faith
• The Mother of the Book is closed to ijtihād